1. Title Page
The title page should include the article title, name(s) of author(s), and institutional affiliations in English, and corresponding author and other footnotes. The author(s) should type the original and running title (less than 40 characters) in the title page directly. For authors with different affiliations, place an Arabic number as a superscript after each author's last name and before the name of the corresponding affiliation. The corresponding author should present the name, affiliation, address, zip code, and contact details (such as Tel, Fax, and E-mail).
2. Abstract and Keywords
The abstract should be brief descriptions of the manuscript, containing 300 words. The abstract should be a structured one which includes purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. A list of keywords, with a maximum of five items, should be included at the end of the abstract. The selection of keywords should be based on Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) of Index Medicus, and each keywords should begin with a capital letter. Do not use abbreviations or reference citations.
In cases of fundamental science for neurourology (basic research) and systemic review articles, short sentences which describe the core findings of the article for a quick overview should be provided as HIGHLIGHTS after keywords.
The specifications of highlights are as follows:
- 1 to 3 sentences
- Total maximum 300 characters
- Include only core findings or main results
3. Introduction
The introduction should address the purpose of the study briefly and concisely, and include background reports only related to the purpose of the study.
4. Materials and Methods
The design, subjects, and methods should be described in order. When patients are the subjects, the properties, inclusion criteria, and exclusion criteria of the populations should be clarified. Particular chemicals or equipment should be clarified of the names of the suppliers, the cities, the states, and the nations according to unified forms. Explanation of the experimental methods should be sufficient for repetition by other researchers, though methods that had been reported in detail may be described briefly by citation of references. However, new methods or modifications of previously published methods should be described enough for other researchers to represent. The methods of statistical verification on the results should be clarified.
Clearly describe the selection of observational or experimental participants (healthy individuals or patients, including controls), including eligibility and exclusion criteria and a description of the source population. Because the relevance of such variables as age, sex, or ethnicity is not always known at the time of study design, researchers should aim for inclusion of representative populations into all study types and at a minimum provide descriptive data for these and other relevant demographic variables.
Ensure correct use of the terms sex (when reporting biological factors) and gender (identity, psychosocial or cultural factors), and, unless inappropriate, report the sex and/or gender of study participants, the sex of animals or cells, and describe the methods used to determine sex and gender. If the study was done involving an exclusive population, for example in only one sex, authors should justify why, except in obvious cases (e.g., prostate cancer). Authors should define how they determined race or ethnicity and justify their relevance.
5. Results
The authors should describe clearly and logically their significant findings of observations or results corresponding to the purpose of the study, following the order in the methods. The authors should avoid overlapping descriptions by figures or tables and by main text, describing important results only.
It should be clear which statistical test is associated with each P-value reported. Rarely used statistical techniques should be described. Medians and percentiles (such as quartiles) are preferred over means and standard deviations (or standard errors) when analyzing asymmetric data, especially when nonparametric statistics are calculated. Fractions (e.g., 5/10) should accompany percentages. In randomized clinical trials, consider reporting separate analyses with confounding variables included. If sample sizes differ between groups when patients are randomized, reasons should be provided.
6. Discussion
Important or new findings from the results of the study should be emphasized and the consequent conclusions are described, while repetition of the contents in the introduction and the results should be avoided. The authors are needed to describe the significance and limitations of the study and directions for the further studies, comparing with the results of the other related studies. Conclusion should be included in the discussion part. The conclusions should include a comprehensive description of the judgment or thoughts of the authors being induced from the results and discussion sections and corresponding to the purpose of the study mentioned in the introduction. The simple summary or overlapped array of the results should be avoided. An addition of directions for further studies or expected effects should be avoided if possible.
7. Conflict of Interest
The corresponding author of an article is asked to inform the Editor of the authors' potential conflicts of interest possibly influencing their interpretation of data. A potential conflict of interest should be disclosed in the manuscript even when the authors are confident that their judgments have not been influenced in preparing the manuscript. Such conflicts may be financial support or private connections to pharmaceutical companies, political pressure from interest groups, or academic problems (e.g., employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, stock ownership or options, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending).
8. Acknowledgements
When necessary, acknowledgements shall be provided for those who contributed to the studying but were insufficient to be considered authors. The acknowledgements should express appreciation for the concrete roles of the contributors in the studying (e.g., data collection, financial assistance, statistical processing, and experimental analysis), and the authors should notify them that their names will be included in the acknowledgements for their advanced consents.
9. References
Abbreviations for the literature shall be based on the Index Medicus (see
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals). The works of references are provided within [ ] by the order of the citation in the text, without using the previous superscripts. First 6 authors are listed; thereafter add an 'et al.' after the sixth author, for a journal article written by six or fewer authors, provide the names of all the authors.
The description of the journal reference follows the below description. For more on references, refer to the "Citing Medicine: the NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine)."
Journal Article:
Kwon BE, Kim GY, Son YJ, Roh YS, You MA. Quality of life of women with urinary incontinence: a systematic literature review. Int Neurourol J 2010;14:133-8.
Lee KS, Han DH, Lee YS, Choo MS, Yoo TK, Park HJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of tamsulosin for the treatment of non-neurogenic voiding dysfunction in females: a 8-week prospective study. J Korean Med Sci 2010;25:117-22.
Guise AI, Chen F, Zhang G, See W. The effects of physiological estrogen concentration on the immune response of urothelial carcinoma cells to bacillus Calmette-Guerin. J Urol 2010 Nov 13 [Epub]. DOI: S0022-5347(10)04540-4.
Book:
Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA, editors. Campbell-Walsh urology. 9nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007.
Book Chapter:
Klein Ea, Platz EA, Thompson IM. Epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of prostate cancer. In: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA, editors. Campbell-Walsh urology. 9nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007. p. 2854-73.
Website:
Whitmore K. Sexual pain in men and women with IC/PBS and chronic pelvic pain [Internet]. Bristol: International Continence Society; c2010 [cited 2010 Dec 20]. Available from: https://www.icsoffice.org/News.aspx?NewsID=22.
10. Tables
Tables should be written as "Table" in the text and be described briefly in English, left-aligned. All the abbreviations used should be described under the tables or figures. The first letter of the title of a table should be a capital letter, and do not use a period if the description is not a complete sentence. The table should be included one in a page as double space, written clearly and briefly. No vertical or horizontal lines are allowed to be included within a table. Title all tables and number them with Arabic numerals at the top of them, and table footnotes or description should be given markers in the order of a), b), c) ....
11. Figures
Figures should be written as "Fig." in the text. The minimum requirements for digital resolution are:
1,200 DPI/PPI for black and white images, such as line drawings orgraphs.
300 DPI/PPI for picture-only photographs.
600 DPI/PPI for photographs containing pictures and line elements,i.e., text labels, thin lines, arrows.
12. Text Style, Numbers and Units
If foreign-language words are needed, capital and small letters should be clarified: in principal, proper nouns, place names, and names of persons should be written with capital letter as the first letter and then small letters for the rest. When translated words are insufficient in conveying meanings, the translated term will be presented with the original term within parenthesis for the first time and then the translated term only can be used. Numbers should be written with Arabic numerals. The measurements of length, height, weight, and volume shall be recorded with the metric system (meters, grams, and liters), temperature shall be recorded with centigrade, and blood pressure shall be recorded with mmHg. The hematological or clinical test measurements shall be recorded on the basis of common units or the system of the International Units (SI).